Peptide guide

Class

Body Protection Compound (gastric peptide fragment) · Best for Recovery

Background

A 15-amino-acid fragment derived from a protein found in human gastric juice. Used in research and community protocols for tendon, ligament, and soft-tissue recovery.

Detailed dosing

Community-standard dose 250-500 mcg subcutaneous daily, often split AM/PM. Cycles typically 4-8 weeks. Some protocols inject near the affected joint for localized recovery; published animal work used 10 mcg/kg IP. One small human pilot (Lee 2024, interstitial cystitis) used 500 µg/day SC for 6 weeks.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Community-only doses · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Animal + review

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 137525-51-0 · MW 1419.5 g/mol · 15 aa · C62H98N16O22 · GEPPPGKPADDAGLV

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 30 days · protect from light

Sources

Vasireddi et al, "Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review" (HSS J 2025) · The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration · Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the Src-Cav-1-eNOS signaling pathway in rats · Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: novel therapy in gastrointestinal tract (Sikiric et al narrative review) · Mendias & Awan, "Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance" (Sports Med 2026) · Chang et al, "Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 enhances the growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts" (Molecules 2014) · Hsieh et al, "Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system" (Neural Regen Res 2022) · Lee et al, "Effect of BPC-157 on symptoms in patients with interstitial cystitis: A pilot study" (Investig Clin Urol 2024)

Class

Thymosin Beta-4 fragment · Best for Recovery

Background

A synthetic fragment of the naturally-occurring protein Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-4). Used in tissue-repair protocols, particularly for acute injuries where vascular/angiogenesis support may help recovery.

Detailed dosing

Community-standard loading dose 2.5-5 mg subq twice weekly for 4-6 weeks, then maintenance 2-2.5 mg weekly. No FDA-labeled human dose for the TB-500 fragment specifically. The Tan 2024 LC-MS paper is one of the only PK studies on the TB-500 fragment as distinct from full-length thymosin β4.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Limited / related-molecule data · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Animal + review

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 77591-33-4 · MW 4,963 Da · 43 Active Region aa

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 30 days · protect from light

Sources

Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications · A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers · Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing · Mendias & Awan, "Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance" (Sports Med 2026) · Sosne et al, "Biological activities of thymosin beta4 defined by active sites in short peptide sequences" (FASEB J 2010) · Esposito et al, "Doping control analysis of TB-500, a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin β4, in equine urine and plasma by LC-MS" (J Chromatogr A 2012) · Tan et al, "Simultaneous quantification of TB-500 and its metabolites in in-vitro experiments and rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap MS/MS and screening by wound healing activities in-vitro" (J Chromatogr B 2024)

Class

α-MSH C-terminal tripeptide · Best for Recovery, Skin & hair

Background

Lysine-Proline-Valine, the C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH. Studied in anti-inflammatory models for colitis and skin inflammation. Most clinical-trial evidence is on K(D)PT, a related four-residue peptide, not native KPV. Sold by research-chemical suppliers; community use is oral, topical, or subq.

Detailed dosing

Community protocols: 200-500 mcg subq daily, or oral 500 mcg-1 mg daily for inflammatory bowel use. Human-equivalent starting dose translated from rodent studies (Xiao 2017 nanoparticle model) is ~0.2 mg — engine 500 mcg/day sits within the community range above this floor. The related K(D)PT clinical trial in ulcerative colitis used 1 mg oral × 4 weeks (different molecule).

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Limited / related-molecule data · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Animal + review

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 67727-97-3 · MW 342.43 g/mol · 3 aa · C16H30N4O4 · Lys-Pro-Val

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 7 days · protect from light

Sources

Dalmasso et al, "PepT1-Mediated Tripeptide KPV Uptake Reduces Intestinal Inflammation" (Gastroenterology 2008) · Xiao et al, "Orally targeted delivery of tripeptide KPV via hyaluronic acid-functionalized nanoparticles" (Molecular Therapy 2017) · Viennois et al, "Critical role of PepT1 in promoting colitis-associated cancer and therapeutic benefits of KPV in a murine model" (Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016) · Land 2012, "Inhibition of cellular and systemic inflammation cues in human bronchial epithelial cells by melanocortin-related peptides: Mechanism of KPV action and a role for MC3R agonists" (Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol) · Bonfiglio et al, "Effects of the COOH-terminal tripeptide α-MSH11–13 on corneal epithelial wound healing: Role of nitric oxide" (Experimental Eye Research 2006) · Singh & Mukhopadhyay, "C-terminal amino acids of α-MSH are requisite for its antibacterial activity against S. aureus" (Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011) · Pawar et al, "Transdermal iontophoretic delivery of lysine-proline-valine (KPV) peptide across microporated human skin" (J Pharm Sci 2017)

Class

GHRH analog + growth-hormone secretagogue blend · Best for Recovery, Sleep, Muscle growth

Background

A community-standard blend pairing CJC-1295 (a GHRH analog) with Ipamorelin (a selective GH secretagogue). Stimulates pulsatile growth-hormone release without supplying exogenous GH. The blend itself is not FDA-approved; sold by research-chemical suppliers. Note: published human data on CJC-1295 generally refers to the long-acting (DAC) form, not the no-DAC form used in most community blends.

Detailed dosing

Community-standard blend: 100-300 mcg CJC-1295 (no DAC) + 100-300 mcg Ipamorelin, subq pre-bed or twice daily. Some protocols dose 5 days on / 2 off. No published human trial of the no-DAC combination — published human PK is on the long-acting CJC-1295-DAC form (Teichman 2006, Jetté 2006).

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Limited / related-molecule data · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Human RCT

Identity (COA cross-check)

MW 711.85 g/mol · 29 Molecular aa · Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 Mechanism

Sources

Prolonged Stimulation of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Secretion by CJC-1295, a Long-Acting Analog of GH-Releasing Hormone, in Healthy Adults · Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue · Ipamorelin: PK/PD modeling in human volunteers · The Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Secretagogues (Sigalos & Pastuszak 2018, Sex Med Rev) · Mendias & Awan, "Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance" (Sports Med 2026) · Jetté et al, "Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog" (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006) · Alba et al, "Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse" (Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006) · White et al, "Growth Hormone Secretagogue Treatment in Hypogonadal Men Raises Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels" (Am J Men's Health 2017)

Class

Long-acting IGF-1 analog · Best for Muscle growth

Background

A modified long-acting form of insulin-like growth factor 1. Bypasses the pituitary entirely, supplying IGF-1 receptor activation directly. Not FDA-approved; sold by research-chemical suppliers.

Detailed dosing

Community-standard: 40-80 mcg subcutaneous post-workout, 4 weeks on / 4 weeks off. No FDA-approved human dose; published human pharmacology is on IGF-1 (recombinant), not the long-acting LR3 analog.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: No human dosing · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Animal + review

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 143045-27-6 · MW 9,117.60 g/mol · 83 aa · C400H625N111O115S9 · MFPAMPLSSL FVNGPRTLCG

Sources

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and especially IGF-I variants are anabolic in dexamethasone-treated rats · Superior potency of infused IGF-I analogues which bind poorly to IGF-binding proteins is maintained when administered by injection · IGF-binding proteins are multifunctional and act via IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms · Mendias & Awan, "Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance" (Sports Med 2026) · Esposito et al, "Detection of LongR3-IGF-I, Des(1-3)-IGF-I, and R3-IGF-I using immunopurification and high resolution mass spectrometry for antidoping purposes" (Drug Test Anal 2021)

Class

Myostatin pathway compound · Best for Muscle growth

Background

A protein that binds and inhibits myostatin, the primary negative regulator of muscle growth. Naturally occurring as part of the body's signaling system. Sold as a research chemical; published human safety data is essentially absent.

Detailed dosing

Community-reported cycles: 100 mcg subq daily × 10-14 days, then off. No published human dose-finding studies. Doses vary widely (50-500 mcg/day across community protocols) — this engine uses the conservative 100 mcg figure.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: No human dosing · Safety: Unknown safety · Source class: Animal + review

Sources

Lee S.J. & McPherron A.C., Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth (PNAS) · Mendias & Awan, "Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance" (Sports Med 2026)

Class

GH secretagogue (ghrelin-receptor agonist) · Best for Recovery, Sleep, Muscle growth

Background

A selective growth-hormone secretagogue. Stimulates pulsatile GH release via the ghrelin receptor. Not FDA-approved. Most community use pairs it with CJC-1295 (no DAC); standalone use exists for shorter, more pulsatile signal.

Detailed dosing

Original PK/PD work used a single 30 mcg/kg IV bolus. Community subq protocols use 200-300 mcg subq, 1-3 times daily (often pre-bed and post-workout). No FDA-labeled human dose.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Limited / related-molecule data · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Human RCT

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 170851-70-4 · MW 711.85 g/mol · 5 aa · C38H49N9O5 · Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2

Storage

Lyophilized: cold storage · Reconstituted: 2-8°C · protect from light

Sources

Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue · Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin in human volunteers · Ipamorelin induces longitudinal bone growth in rats · Ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for postoperative ileus in bowel-resection patients · The Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Secretagogues (Sigalos & Pastuszak 2018, Sex Med Rev) · Mendias & Awan, "Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance" (Sports Med 2026)

Class

Long-acting amylin analog · Best for Fat loss

Background

A long-acting amylin receptor agonist. Investigational and not FDA-approved. Most published human data comes from Phase 3 trials of the cagrilintide + semaglutide combination (CagriSema) for obesity.

Detailed dosing

Phase 2/3 CagriSema schedule: cagrilintide 0.16 → 0.30 → 0.60 → 1.20 → 2.40 mg/wk subq, paired step-for-step with semaglutide. Maintenance 2.4 mg/wk. The REDEFINE 2 Phase 3 trial (Davies 2025, NEJM) is the pivotal evidence for the T2D + obesity indication. Not studied alone or with non-semaglutide GLP-1s.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Clinical trial doses · Safety: Clinical AE data · Source class: Human RCT

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 1415456-99-3

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C · protect from light

Sources

Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (Enebo et al, CagriSema Phase 1b) · Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management: multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding Phase 2 trial (Lau et al) · Safety, tolerability, PK, and PD of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management: Phase 1b trial · Frias et al, "Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2.4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial" (Lancet 2023) · Davies et al, "Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes" (REDEFINE 2, NEJM 2025) · Singh et al, "Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide Alone and in Combination with Semaglutide (Cagrisema) as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" (Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2024)

Class

Modified hGH fragment (176–191) · Best for Fat loss

Background

A modified 16-amino-acid fragment of the C-terminus of human growth hormone (residues 176–191). The Phase 2b obesity trial did not meet its primary endpoint and the program was discontinued. Sold by research-chemical suppliers and some compounding pharmacies for fat-loss use.

Detailed dosing

Phase 2b trial dose: 1 mg/day subq. Community fat-loss cycles often run 250-500 mcg/day, AM fasted, 8-12 weeks. The pivotal efficacy trial did not meet its primary endpoint at any tested dose.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Clinical trial doses · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Human case series

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 30 days · protect from light

Sources

Heffernan et al, "The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice" (Endocrinology 2001) · Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model · Safety and Tolerability of the Hexadecapeptide AOD9604 in Humans · Mendias & Awan, "Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance" (Sports Med 2026)

Class

Mitochondrial-derived peptide · Best for Recovery, Fat loss

Background

A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA region. Animal studies report effects on insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, and metabolic flexibility. Human data is very limited. Sold by research-chemical suppliers.

Detailed dosing

No FDA-approved dose. Community protocols: 5-10 mg subq once weekly, often paired with exercise. No published human dose-finding studies; animal trials used IP injection at 0.5-2 mg/kg in mice. The foundational Lee 2015 Cell Metabolism paper established 0.5 mg/kg/day IP × 7 days in mice.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Community-only doses · Safety: Unknown safety · Source class: Animal + review

Identity (COA cross-check)

MW 2,174.6 g/mol · 16 aa · C101H152N28O22S2 · MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C

Sources

The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis and Reduces Obesity and Insulin Resistance · MOTS-c regulates plasma metabolites and enhances insulin sensitivity · The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c: a player in exceptional longevity? · Mendias & Awan, "Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance" (Sports Med 2026) · Lu et al, "MOTS-c peptide regulates adipose homeostasis to prevent ovariectomy-induced metabolic dysfunction" (J Mol Med 2019) · Yi et al, "Role of MOTS-c in the regulation of bone metabolism" (Frontiers in Physiology 2023) · Lee et al, "The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance" (Cell Metab 2015 — foundational MOTS-c paper) · Chen et al, "Central and peripheral mechanism of MOTS-c attenuates pain hypersensitivity in a mice model of inflammatory pain" (Neuropharmacology 2023) · Liu et al, "Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c suppresses ovarian cancer progression by attenuating USP7-mediated LARS1 deubiquitination" (Adv Sci 2024) · Mendiola-Precoma et al, "Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c: potential therapeutic candidate in retinal diseases" (Int J Mol Sci 2023)

Class

NNMT inhibitor (small molecule, not a peptide) · Best for Fat loss

Background

1-methylquinolinium (1-MQ), a small-molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). Sold in the same gray-market channels as research peptides. Mouse adiposity models report reduced fat mass with NNMT inhibition.

Detailed dosing

No published human pharmacology. Community oral dose: 50-150 mg/day. Mouse adiposity studies used 5-10 mg/kg/day IP. Treat dose ranges as preclinical extrapolation, not human-validated.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: No human dosing · Safety: Unknown safety · Source class: Animal + review

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 42464-96-0 · MW 159.21 g/mol (cation); 286.11 g/mol (iodide salt) · C10H11N2+ (cation)

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 30 days

Sources

Structure-Activity Relationship for Small Molecule Inhibitors of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (Neelakantan et al) · Selective and membrane-permeable small molecule inhibitors of NNMT reverse high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice (Kannt et al) · Small-molecule NNMT inhibitor activates senescent muscle stem cells and improves regenerative capacity of aged skeletal muscle · Babula et al, "Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase Inhibition Mitigates Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunctions" (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2024) · Sun et al, "Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT): a novel therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome" (Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024)

Class

Copper tripeptide · Best for Skin & hair

Background

A naturally-occurring copper-binding peptide present in human plasma at low levels. Used in cosmetic products and community protocols for skin appearance, collagen support, and hair-follicle stimulation. Effects vary substantially by route of administration.

Detailed dosing

Topical cosmetic formulations use 0.1-2% concentration; subq community protocols use 1-2 mg/day for skin/hair stimulation. No FDA-labeled human injectable dose.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Limited / related-molecule data · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Animal + review

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 89030-95-5 · MW 340.38 g/mol · Gly-His-Lys

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 30 days · protect from light

Sources

Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data (Pickart 2015 review) · Effect of locally injected medications on healing of pad wounds in dogs (GHK-Cu intralesional injection) · Mendias & Awan, "Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance" (Sports Med 2026) · Pickart et al, "The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging" (Biomed Res Int 2012) · Pickart et al, "GHK and DNA: resetting the human genome to health" (Biomed Res Int 2014) · Pittelkow et al, "Matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in fibroblasts accelerates dermal aging" (Aging Cell 2024)

Class

Synthetic non-selective melanocortin agonist · Best for Skin & hair, Libido

Background

A synthetic non-selective melanocortin-receptor agonist. Stimulates melanin production (tan induction) and has secondary effects on libido and appetite. Not FDA-approved; widely sold by research-chemical suppliers despite long-standing safety concerns including reports of new and changing moles.

Detailed dosing

Community-standard: 0.25-0.5 mg subq once daily during induction (~10 days), then 0.5-1 mg twice weekly maintenance. No FDA-labeled dose; the related afamelanotide (Scenesse) is implant-based.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Limited / related-molecule data · Safety: Clinical AE data · Source class: Human case series

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 121062-08-6 · MW 1024.18 g/mol · 7 aa · C50H69N15O9 · Ac-Nle-Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys-NH2 (cyclic)

Sources

A randomized controlled trial of melanotan II in the induction of eumelanin synthesis in fair-skinned subjects · Synthetic melanotropic peptide initiates erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction: double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study · Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study · Melanotan II injection resulting in systemic toxicity and rhabdomyolysis (case report)

Class

Acetyl octapeptide-3 (cosmetic peptide) · Best for Skin & hair

Background

Acetyl octapeptide-3, a cosmetic peptide common in topical creams. Mechanism is competitive inhibition of SNARE-complex assembly at low concentrations.

Detailed dosing

Topical cosmetic formulations: 5-10% concentration in a serum or cream base, applied 1-2× daily. Not used as an injectable; the molecule is a topical-cosmetic-ingredient peptide.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Community-only doses · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Community-only

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 868844-74-0 · MW 1073.2 g/mol · 8 aa · C42H72N16O15S · Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-Ala-Asp-NH2

Storage

Lyophilized: cold storage · Reconstituted: 2-8°C

Sources

Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 in Cosmeceuticals: A Review of Skin Permeability and Efficacy · SNAP-8 Peptide Clinical Efficacy Data · Blanes-Mira et al, "A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity" (Int J Cosmet Sci 2002)

Class

Pineal tetrapeptide (synthetic AEDG) · Best for Sleep

Background

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly / AEDG) related to research on natural pineal peptides. Most published human evidence comes from a single Russian gerontology research group; broader independent human evidence is thin.

Detailed dosing

Khavinson protocols: 5-10 mg/day subq × 10-20 days, repeat every 4-6 months. Multi-decade clinical follow-up (Khavinson 2013) used 10 mg IM 2-3×/wk × 10 doses per course, repeated 2×/year × multiple years in elderly cohorts. Most published human use is from this single Russian gerontology research program.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Limited / related-molecule data · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Human case series

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 307297-39-8 · MW 390.35 g/mol · 4 aa · Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG)

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 30 days · protect from light

Sources

Overview of Epitalon: Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties · Epithalon Peptide Induces Telomerase Activity and Telomere Elongation in Human Somatic Cells · Peptide Promotes Overcoming of the Division Limit in Human Somatic Cells · Khavinson et al, "Overview of Epitalon — highly bioactive pineal tetrapeptide with promising properties" (PMC review 2025) · Khavinson et al, "Peptide bioregulators: the new class of geroprotectors. Message 2. Clinical studies results" (Adv Gerontol 2013) · Anisimov et al, "Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice" · Goncharova et al, "Influence of peptides from pineal gland on thymus function with aging" (Adv Gerontol 2011)

Class

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide · Best for Sleep

Background

A 9-amino-acid peptide studied in older European and Soviet sleep, circadian, and stress-response research. Not FDA-approved. Sold by research-chemical suppliers.

Detailed dosing

Community protocols: 100-300 mcg subq pre-bed. Older European clinical research used 25 nmol/kg IV (~250 mcg in a 70kg adult) for chronic pain trials. No FDA-labeled human dose.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Limited / related-molecule data · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Human case series

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 62568-57-4 · MW 848.8 g/mol · 9 aa · C35H48N10O15 · Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C

Sources

Delta sleep-inducing peptide · Acute and delayed effects of DSIP on human sleep behavior · Effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide on sleep of chronic insomniac patients

Class

Synthetic heptapeptide (anxiolytic) · Best for Sleep

Background

A synthetic heptapeptide derived from the immunomodulator tuftsin. Approved in Russia as Selank (intranasal) for generalized anxiety. Not FDA-approved. Most published clinical research is in Russian-language journals.

Detailed dosing

Russian clinical indication: 2-3 intranasal drops in each nostril, total ~250-900 mcg/day (Uchakina 2008 used 900 mcg/day × 14 days in anxiety-asthenic patients). Community subq use is unestablished. Intranasal route has the published clinical data.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Community-only doses · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Human case series

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 129954-34-3 · MW 751.9 g/mol · 7 aa · C33H57N11O9 · Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 30 days

Sources

Efficacy and possible mechanisms of action of a new peptide anxiolytic selank in the therapy of generalized anxiety disorders and neurasthenia · Peptide Selank Enhances the Effect of Diazepam in Reducing Anxiety in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Conditions in Rats · Selank Administration Affects the Expression of Some Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission · Uchakina et al, "Immunomodulatory effects of Selank in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders" (Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2008) · Semenova et al, "Compensatory effect of Selank on the mnestic functions disturbed by neurotoxic damage of the noradrenergic system of the brain" (Eksp Klin Farmakol 2008)

Class

ACTH-derived heptapeptide (nootropic) · Best for Sleep

Background

A synthetic heptapeptide derived from the N-terminal fragment of ACTH (4–10). Approved in Russia as an intranasal nootropic and neuroprotective agent. Not FDA-approved. Most clinical research is in Russian-language stroke-recovery and cognitive-impairment literature.

Detailed dosing

Russian clinical indication: intranasal 300-600 mcg/day for cognitive support; acute hemispheric ischemic stroke trials (Gusev 2001) used 12 mg/day intranasal × 5 days tapering to 9 mg/day × 5 days. Community subq use is unestablished.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Community-only doses · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Human case series

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 80714-61-0 · MW 813.9 g/mol · 7 aa · C37H51N9O10S · Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 30 days

Sources

Semax, an analog of ACTH(4-10) with cognitive effects, regulates BDNF and trkB expression in the rat hippocampus · The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia · The efficacy of semax in the treatment of patients at different stages of ischemic stroke · Gusev et al, "Effectiveness of Semax in acute period of hemispheric ischemic stroke (a clinical and electrophysiological study)" (Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr 2001) · Cherednichenko et al, "Effects of Semax on the default mode network of the brain" (Bull Exp Biol Med 2018) · Maslova et al, "Semax, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin (4-10), is a potential agent for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette's syndrome" (Acta Physiol Hung 2006) · Khavinson et al, "Nootropic and analgesic effects of Semax following different routes of administration" (Bull Exp Biol Med 2011)

Class

Thymic immunomodulator · Best for Recovery

Background

A 28-amino-acid peptide from thymus tissue. Approved outside the US under brand names including Zadaxin for chronic hepatitis B and as adjunct therapy in some infectious-disease and oncology contexts. Has FDA orphan-drug designation for hepatitis B and DiGeorge syndrome. In the US it is sold by research-chemical suppliers and some compounding pharmacies.

Detailed dosing

Zadaxin labeled dose (in countries where approved): 1.6 mg subq twice weekly for chronic hepatitis B. The BMJ TESTS 2025 multicentre RCT used 1.6 mg SC every 12 h × 5 days then daily through ICU day 7 in sepsis. Community immune-support cycles use 1.6 mg 2-3× weekly for 4-6 weeks.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Clinical trial doses · Safety: Clinical AE data · Source class: Human RCT

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 62304-98-7 · MW 3108.3 g/mol · 28 aa · C129H215N33O55 · Ac-SDAAVDTSSEITTKDLKEKKEVVEEAEN

Storage

Lyophilized: cold storage · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 30 days · protect from light

Sources

Thymosin alpha 1: A comprehensive review of the literature · Efficacy of thymosin alpha1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a randomized, controlled trial · Immune Modulation with Thymosin Alpha 1 Treatment · Liu et al, "The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled trial" (BMJ 2025) · Li et al, "Thymosin alpha1 based immunomodulatory therapy for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis" (Int J Infect Dis 2015) · Costantini et al, "Thymosin alpha 1: a comprehensive review of the literature" (World J Virol 2020) · Sjogren, "Zadaxin (thymosin alpha1) for the treatment of viral hepatitis" (Expert Opin Investig Drugs 1999)

Class

Cellular cofactor (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) · Best for Recovery

Background

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism and DNA repair. Conventional medical use is IV (longevity clinics, addiction medicine) or oral precursors (NMN, NR). Sold by research-chemical and compounding channels as a subq injectable.

Detailed dosing

Subq community protocols: 50-100 mg once daily × 5-10 days, then weekly maintenance. IV clinical use is 500-1000 mg infusions. Flushing and chest pressure during the push are dose-dependent.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Community-only doses · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Human case series

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 53-84-9 · MW 663.43 g/mol · C21H27N7O14P2

Sources

Association of Human Whole Blood NAD+ Contents With Aging · NAD+ and Sirtuins in Aging and Disease · A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD+ · Gallagher & Emmanuel, "NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: PRISMA-guided systematic review" (Ageing Res Rev 2026) · She, Sheng, Qin, "Pharmacology and Potential Implications of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Precursors" (Aging and Disease 2021) · Blum et al, "NAD+ and Enkephalinase Infusions Attenuate Psychiatric Burden in SUD" (Current Psychiatry Research Review 2022)

Class

Tripeptide antioxidant · Best for Recovery, Skin & hair

Background

A naturally-occurring tripeptide (glutamate-cysteine-glycine) that acts as a major intracellular antioxidant. Conventional medical use is IV in clinical settings (chemotherapy-adjunct, Parkinson's research). Subq injection is the gray-market form. Oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a common precursor supplement.

Detailed dosing

IV clinical doses: 600-2400 mg/session. Subq community protocols: 200-600 mg once or twice weekly. No FDA-labeled subq human dose. Oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 600-1800 mg/day is the conventional supplemental approach.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Community-only doses · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Human case series

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 70-18-8 · MW 307.32 g/mol · C10H17N3O6S

Storage

Lyophilized: cold storage

Sources

Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione · Glutathione as an oral whitening agent: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study · The effects of 3 weeks of oral glutathione supplementation on whole body insulin sensitivity in obese males with and without type 2 diabetes · Sonthalia et al, "Glutathione as a skin whitening agent: Facts, myths, evidence and controversies" (Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2016) · Dilokthornsakul et al, "The clinical effect of glutathione on skin color and other related skin conditions: A systematic review" (J Cosmet Dermatol 2019) · Sitohang et al, "Glutathione as a skin-lightening agent and in melasma: a systematic review" (Int J Dermatol 2025) · Honda et al, "Efficacy of glutathione for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, pilot study" (BMC Gastroenterol 2017) · Weschawalit et al, "Glutathione and its antiaging and antimelanogenic effects" (Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2017)

Class

Tissue-repair blend (BPC-157 + TB-500) · Best for Recovery

Background

A vendor-branded blend pairing BPC-157 and TB-500 in a single vial, sold by peptide-research suppliers under names including Wolverine. The components are covered in the standalone BPC-157 and TB-500 entries.

Detailed dosing

Common vendor blend ratios: 5 mg BPC-157 + 5 mg TB-500 per vial. Dosing per component: 250-500 mcg BPC-157 + 2-5 mg TB-500 — check the vendor COA for the exact per-component mg breakdown.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Community-only doses · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Animal + review

Identity (COA cross-check)

CAS 137525-51-0 · MW 1,419.5 g/mol · 15 aa · GEPPPGKPADDAGLV Origin Human gastric juice

Sources

BPC-157 and TB-500: Background, Indications, Efficacy, and Safety · Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review · Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications

Class

Skin and recovery blend (GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500) · Best for Skin & hair, Recovery

Background

A vendor-branded blend combining GHK-Cu, BPC-157, and TB-500 in a single vial. Sold by peptide-research suppliers. The components are covered in the standalone entries.

Detailed dosing

Common vendor blend ratios: ~50 mg GHK-Cu + 5 mg BPC-157 + 5 mg TB-500 per vial. Dosing per component: see standalone entries. Blend ratios vary — check the vendor COA.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Community-only doses · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Animal + review

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 7 days · protect from light

Sources

GLOW Peptide Blend: GHK-Cu, TB-500, and BPC-157 in Regenerative Research · Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data · Thymosin Beta 4 and Cardiac Repair

Class

Regenerative + anti-inflammatory blend (BPC-157 + TB-500 + GHK-Cu + KPV) · Best for Recovery, Skin & hair

Background

Fixed-ratio blend combining BPC-157 (10 mg) + TB-500 (10 mg) + KPV (10 mg) + GHK-Cu (50 mg) in a single 80 mg vial. Commonly described as 'GLOW + KPV' (adds KPV's anti-inflammatory tripeptide to the GLOW regenerative triad). Component peptides are covered in their standalone entries.

Detailed dosing

KLOW composition (community-standard fixed-ratio formulation, verified 2026-05-12): 10 mg BPC-157 + 10 mg TB-500 + 10 mg KPV + 50 mg GHK-Cu in 80 mg vial. Community maintenance dose: 500 mcg each of BPC / TB / KPV + 2.5 mg GHK-Cu per daily injection. Ratio-locked.

Evidence breakdown

Human dosing: Community-only doses · Safety: Sparse safety data · Source class: Animal + review

Storage

Lyophilized: -20°C · Reconstituted: 2-8°C, 7 days · protect from light

Sources

PepT1-Mediated Tripeptide KPV Uptake Reduces Intestinal Inflammation (Dalmasso et al, Gastroenterology 2008) · Alpha-MSH Related Peptides: A New Class of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulating Drugs (Luger et al, Br J Pharmacol 2007)